Like Hus, Wyclif attacked numerous abuses in the church of his day: from indulgences and the externalizing of piety to Rome’s financial draining of his land, to the papacy’s striving for temporal power. Earlier there had been lively debate over many of these questions. In the German Empire the so-called poverty dispute between Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria (1314–1347) and Pope John XXII (1316–1334) had been particularly violent. In this dispute Marsilius of Padua (ca. 1275–1342 or 1343) and William of
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